状況 (英語)

The art of Chinese cooking encompasses a rich palette of techniques and equipment, each contributing to the unique textures, flavors, and aromas that define this cuisine. This introduction to cooking methods, kitchen vocabulary, and recipe phrases offers a comprehensive overview for anyone looking to explore the intricacies of Chinese culinary traditions, especially as they pertain to seasonal and festival dishes.

Cooking Methods:

红烧 (Hóngshāo): A technique of braising, typically involving soy sauce, sugar, and a variety of spices, resulting in a rich, reddish-brown sauce.

清蒸 (Qīngzhēng): Steaming, a method that preserves the food's natural flavors and nutrients, commonly used for fish, chicken, and vegetables.

扒 (Bā): A technique of stewing or braising, often used for vegetables or meats in a sauce, emphasizing the tenderness of the ingredients.

煎 (Jiān): Pan-frying, where food is cooked in a small amount of oil over medium to high heat, creating a crispy exterior.

焖 (Mèn): Braising or stewing with less liquid and a sealed lid to ensure slow cooking, infusing the food with flavors.

烧 (Shāo): A broad term that can refer to braising, roasting, or stewing, often used in the context of meats or vegetables.

煲 (Bāo): Slow-cooking in a clay pot or casserole, a method that enhances the depth of flavors.

熏 (Xūn): Smoking, a technique used to impart a smoky flavor to meats or fish.

腌制 (Yānzhì): Marinating or pickling, a preparatory step to flavor ingredients before cooking.

Kitchen Utensils:

电饭煲 (Diànfànbāo): Rice cooker, an essential appliance in Chinese kitchens for making perfect rice.

压力锅 (Yālìguō): Pressure cooker, used for speeding up the cooking process of stews and tenderizing meats.

烤箱 (Kǎoxiāng): Oven, utilized for baking or roasting.

蒸笼 (Zhēnglóng): Steaming basket, often made of bamboo, used for steaming foods over boiling water.

搅拌机 (Jiǎobàn jī): Blender, used for making smoothies, sauces, and purees.

料理机 (Liàolǐ jī): Food processor, a versatile appliance for chopping, slicing, and mixing ingredients.

砂锅 (Shāguō): Clay pot, used for slow-cooking soups and stews.

过滤器 (Guòlǜqì): Strainer or sieve, essential for separating solids from liquids.

电磁炉 (Diàncílú): Induction cooker, a modern cooking appliance that heats pots through magnetic induction.

铲子 (Chǎnzi): Spatula or turner, a must-have for flipping and stirring.

打蛋器 (Dǎdànqì): Whisk, used for beating eggs or mixing ingredients.

油刷 (Yóushuā): Basting or pastry brush, used for applying sauces or glazes.

保鲜膜 (Bǎoxiān mó): Plastic wrap, used for covering and preserving food.

冰箱 (Bīngxiāng): Refrigerator, essential for storing perishable ingredients.

微波炉 (Wéibōlú): Microwave oven, used for reheating and sometimes cooking food.

Recipe Phrases: Understanding Chinese recipes often involves familiarizing oneself with terms that describe the preparation and cooking process. Phrases like ‘切成小块’ (qiē chéng xiǎo kuài, cut into small pieces), ‘加热至沸腾’ (jiā rè zhì fèiténg, heat until boiling), and ‘搅拌均匀’ (jiǎobàn jūnyún, mix evenly) are common. For seasonal or festival dishes, terms may include specific ingredients or techniques, such as ‘包饺子’ (bāo jiǎozi, making dumplings) for Chinese New Year or ‘腌制月饼皮’ (yānzhì yuèbǐng pí, preparing mooncake crust) for the Mid-Autumn Festival.